When did the Mariner 4 land on Mars?
On July 14, 1965, it reached the planet Mars and took the first photos humans had ever seen of another world: 21 grainy black and white images, sent back through the distances of space. Mariner 4 was among 10 spacecraft designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to explore the three nearest planets: Mercury, Venus and Mars.
What was the purpose of the Mariner 4 mission?
One of the great early successes of the U.S. space program, the Mariner 4 mission flew by Mars on July 15, 1965, and took the first photos of another planet from deep space. 1. Imaging System 2. Cosmic Dust Detector 3. Cosmic Ray Telescope 4. Ionization Chamber 5. Helium Magnetometer 6. Trapped Radiation Detector 7. Solar Plasma Probe
What was the temperature on the surface of Mariner 4?
The probe detected daytime surface temperatures at minus 148 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 100 degrees Celsius). A very weak radiation belt, about 0.1% of that of Earth’s, was also detected. The day after the closest encounter, Mariner 4 began transmitting its photos back to Earth.
How many bits per second does Mariner 4 transmit?
Mariner 4 could transmit information back to Earth at a speed of up to 33.3 bits per second through its high-gain antenna. In comparison, the Spirit and Opportunity Rovers currently on the martian surface are capable of communicating at over 11,000 bits per second.
What was the purpose of Mariner 3 and 4?
Mariner 4 (together with Mariner 3 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth.
Which is closer to Mars Mariner 6 or Mariner 7?
The probes passed closest to Mars on July 30 and August 4 of the same year (Mariner 7 took a more direct path than Mariner 6 and „caught up“ to Mariner 6, arriving only 5 days behind).
How big is the crater on Mars from Mariner 4?
On July 15, 1965, Mariner 4 transmitted this image of the Martian surface from 7,829 miles away. The photograph shows a 94-mile diameter crater. Although originally not expected to survive much past the Mars flyby encounter, Mariner 4 lasts about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies…